06Jun

With the approval last month of the Moderna vaccine by the Food and Drug Administration, we now have two COVID-19 vaccines available. Two more – one from Johnson & Johnson the other from AstraZeneca – are on the way and could be approved as soon as February.

Healthcare workers, residents of nursing facilities and some first responders have already received the Pfizer vaccine, the first one approved by the FDA. Moderna has begun shipping its vaccine with the first of the 25 million initial doses administered last month.

People eager to be immunized have inundated doctors’ offices and clinics asking when the vaccine will be available. The best answer is soon.

Which one, though, will you receive? And does it make any difference?

The answer to the first question is whichever vaccine can be obtained the quickest or, in some cases, whichever your health plan recommends. It really doesn’t make any difference to you.

Both vaccines require two separate doses to reach maximum effectiveness 21 days apart for Pfizer and 28 days for the Moderna version. Both protect about equally well. The FDA data shows Pfizer is 95% effective after both doses. Moderna is 94.1%.

Unlike most other vaccines, these two vaccines use pieces of protein from the SARS-CoV-2 virus to prompt the body to create antibodies. Conventional vaccines, like the annual flu shot, are manufactured from viruses typically grown in chicken eggs. These chicken grown viruses are then killed or weakened to become vaccines.

The COVID vaccines employ messenger RNA (mRNA), a newer technology. These vaccines “teach” the body to replicate the little bit of the CoV-2 protein, which, in turn, creates an immune response causing the body to make the antibodies that provide the protection against the virus.

The most significant difference between the Moderna and the Pfizer vaccines is how they must be stored. Both can survive for a few days in standard refrigeration. For longer periods, the less stable Pfizer vaccine must be kept in ultra-low temperatures below -94 F. That makes shipping and storing Pfizer’s vaccine somewhat more complicated, especially outside urban areas where the low temperature refrigeration is not easily available.

“At the end of the day, these two vaccines are pretty similar,” Dr. Thomas Russo, professor and chief of infectious disease at the State University of New York, tells Health. “Grab it while you can.”

Photo by Hakan Nural

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Jun 6, 2023

Here’s How to Land That First Clinical Research Job

Starting a career in clinical research is challenging. Armed with a relevant college degree, an internship or two and even with a certificate in clinical management, landing an entry-level job isn’t easy.

Says Kunal Sampat, MNA, ACRP-CP and host of the Clinical Trial Podcast, “Employers want applicants to have relevant CRA experience.”

That’s the old chicken and egg dilemma: How do you get the experience without having a job and how do you get a job without the experience? Fortunately, it’s not as impossible as it seems.

In an article for the Association of Clinical Research Professionals, Sampat outlines 7 strategies for landing that first job, beginning with knowing what your career goals are.

Figure out, he says, what job or role in clinical research you want. Don’t limit yourself to clinical research associate or coordinator. Consider other areas such as patient recruiter, safety monitor or data manager. Decide what kind of employer you want to work for: pharmaceutical company, contract research organization, research vendor or regulatory agency.

After deciding on an entry-level role, invest in becoming educated about the specific skills for the job. “Look up webinars, YouTube videos, and literature to develop those specific skills,” Sampat writes. You won’t become an expert, “but you will have built confidence in yourself and your ability to speak to these topics during interviews.”

Improve your resume by showing what you did and what you achieved – learned – in the jobs, internships or volunteer work you’ve done. “If you feel like your clinical or medical-oriented experiences are limited, focus on transferable skills for the research position you seek,” he says.

Now, apply to no more than 10 jobs at any one time. That way you have time to personalize the resume and cover letter to focus on what the employer wants. It’s also important to follow up. “By following up with the hiring manager, you’re demonstrating your continued interest in working for the company.”

By doing this and doing it well you demonstrate the communication skills most employers want. “I recommend applicants write a cover letter with three to five bulleted points that outline the benefits of hiring him or her for the job,” Sampat says. “The more personalized your cover letter is to a given employer and role, the greater chance you have for being invited for an interview.”

If you do land an interview, prepare for it as thoroughly as possible. This is advice for every job interview in every industry. Sampat suggests preparing “five to eight examples from your education or professional experiences that you’re proud of or that taught you something valuable.” Create “stories” around these describing the situation, the task, the action you took and the result.

Finally, he says, be prepared for rejection. You’ll get more of those, but eventually you will get a yes.

“You don’t need to sign up for an expensive and time-intensive clinical research certificate program to secure an entry-level job in clinical research,” he says. Instead, follow the strategies and you’ll “increase the odds of your success tremendously.”

Photo by Tima Miroshnichenko

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