06Jun

Distracted by the COVID pandemic, clinical investigator sites that haven’t been paying attention to new privacy laws may find it difficult to conduct trials in 2021.

“Nine out of ten investigator sites in the U.S. don’t know anywhere near enough,” and “don’t have the right tools to be in compliance,” says an article on the Association Of Clinical Research Professionals blog.

An interview with Al O. Pacino II, president and CEO of BlueCloud by HealthCarePoint, discusses the details of two key privacy laws: the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation and California’s Consumer Privacy Act. Both impose significant restrictions on how personal data is collected, stored, used and shared. Both require businesses and organizations to inform individuals of the information they have and make it available to them. The California law exempts government and nonprofits.

In the European Union, the GDPR is supplemented by local privacy rules and, for clinical trials and medical data sharing, by organizational rules and governance. A study published in BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making found enough lack of specificity and clarity among the privacy rules of each of the various study teams in just one EU program to give rise to challenges.

Noting that “Responsible data sharing in health research entails more than compliance with the GDPR,” the researchers found there was a need to reconcile local and individual investigative rules when creating “Big Data-driven translational research platforms” such as the BigData@Heart platform.

As in Europe, academic researchers in the US regularly share data. “The combination of even larger datasets into so-called ‘Big Data’ is considered to offer even greater benefits for science, medicine and society,” the Medical Informatics and Decision Making article observes.

With California’s privacy act – the toughest in the US – and other state laws now in effect and new ones under consideration, clinical researchers need to be aware of the rules, including the GDPR.

Investigator site leaders, says Pacino, must “understand modern laws and regulations that protect one’s personal data and privacy, learn how to take ownership of [their site data], and leverage modern e-vehicles that benefit healthcare professionals, sponsors, contract research organizations, and others.”    

Photo by Lianhao Qu on Unsplash

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Jun 6, 2023

What’s the Difference Between the COVID Vaccines?

With the approval last month of the Moderna vaccine by the Food and Drug Administration, we now have two COVID-19 vaccines available. Two more – one from Johnson & Johnson the other from AstraZeneca – are on the way and could be approved as soon as February.

Healthcare workers, residents of nursing facilities and some first responders have already received the Pfizer vaccine, the first one approved by the FDA. Moderna has begun shipping its vaccine with the first of the 25 million initial doses administered last month.

People eager to be immunized have inundated doctors’ offices and clinics asking when the vaccine will be available. The best answer is soon.

Which one, though, will you receive? And does it make any difference?

The answer to the first question is whichever vaccine can be obtained the quickest or, in some cases, whichever your health plan recommends. It really doesn’t make any difference to you.

Both vaccines require two separate doses to reach maximum effectiveness 21 days apart for Pfizer and 28 days for the Moderna version. Both protect about equally well. The FDA data shows Pfizer is 95% effective after both doses. Moderna is 94.1%.

Unlike most other vaccines, these two vaccines use pieces of protein from the SARS-CoV-2 virus to prompt the body to create antibodies. Conventional vaccines, like the annual flu shot, are manufactured from viruses typically grown in chicken eggs. These chicken grown viruses are then killed or weakened to become vaccines.

The COVID vaccines employ messenger RNA (mRNA), a newer technology. These vaccines “teach” the body to replicate the little bit of the CoV-2 protein, which, in turn, creates an immune response causing the body to make the antibodies that provide the protection against the virus.

The most significant difference between the Moderna and the Pfizer vaccines is how they must be stored. Both can survive for a few days in standard refrigeration. For longer periods, the less stable Pfizer vaccine must be kept in ultra-low temperatures below -94 F. That makes shipping and storing Pfizer’s vaccine somewhat more complicated, especially outside urban areas where the low temperature refrigeration is not easily available.

“At the end of the day, these two vaccines are pretty similar,” Dr. Thomas Russo, professor and chief of infectious disease at the State University of New York, tells Health. “Grab it while you can.”

Photo by Hakan Nural

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